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定语从句

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When,What,Where,Which,That引导非限制性定语从句,和引导限制性定语从句时用法有什么不同?在单选题中又该如何区别呢?请老师给予详细的解答!
定语从句
解题思路: 如下
解题过程:
注意:what不能引导定语从句。
英语语法中的非限制性定语从句 一、 非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。如:
  1. I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书,这是昨天买的。
  2. I like the book which / that was bought yesterday. 我喜欢昨天买的那本书。
  二、 非限制性定语从句不能用why引导。要用for which代替why。如:
  1. I had told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting. 我已经把理由告诉了他们,为此我没有去开会。
  2. I had told them the reason why I didn't attend the meeting. 我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。(限制性定语从句“the reason why...”是常见搭配。)
  三、 非限制性定语从句置于句首时,不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活,可以放主句前,也可以放主句后。如:
  1. As I expected, he didn't believe me. 正如我所预料的,他不相信我。
  2. She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. 她听到一个可怕的声音,这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。
  四、 非限制性定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导时,其中的关系代词不能用as。如:
  1. He bought the car for more than $20,000, with which his father was angry. 他花两万多美元买了这辆车,他父亲对此很生气。
  2. I finished my work ahead of time, after which I sat some time reading the newspaper. 我提前干完了我的活,随后我坐着看了一会儿报纸。
  五、 在非限制性定语从句中,指人的关系代词作宾语时,只能用宾格whom; 不能用who替换,也不能省略。如:
  1. Do you know Tom, whom we talked about? 你认识汤姆吗? 我们谈到过他。
  2. This book, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you all the information you need. 这本书会给你提供所有你需要的资料,它在任何一家书店都能买到。(非限制性定语从句中引导词在从句中作宾语,无论指人还是指物都不能省略。)

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别:
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:
   This is the house which we bought last month.   这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
   The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:
   Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
   My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
   This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:
   He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
   Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
最终答案:略