英语翻译This,of course,will have been affected for centuries or

英语翻译
This,of course,will have been affected for centuries or even millennia by human effort.Every landscape bears the traces of this continuous and cumulative labour,generation after generation contributing to the whole.
To discuss civilization is to discuss space,land and its contours,climate,vegetation,animal species and natural or other advantages.It is also to discuss what humanity has made of these basic conditions:agriculture,stock-breeding,food,shelter,clothing,communications,industry and so on.
The stage on which humanity’s endless dramas are played out partly determines their story-line and explains their nature.The cast will alter,but the set remains broadly the same.
It contrasts with the dryer India of the Indo-Gangetic plain,plus the Deccan plateau----the home of lighter-skinned people,many of them warlike.India as a whole,in Goetz’s view,is a debate and a tug-of-war between these two contrasting areas and peoples.
The natural and man-made environment,of course,cannot predetermine everything.It is not all-powerful.But it greatly affects the inherent or acquired advantages of any given situation.
To take inherent advantages,every civilization is born of immediate opportunities,rapidly exploited.Thus in the dawn of time,river civilizations flourished in the old world:Chinese civilization along the Yellow River;
These classic instances reveal above all the prime importance of communications.No civilization can survive without mobility:all are enriched by trade and the stimulating impact of strangers.33 Islam,for instance,is inconceivable without the movement of its caravans across the ‘dry seas’ of its deserts and steppes,without its expeditions in the Mediterranean and across the Indian Ocean as far as Malacca and China.
Mentioning these achievements has already led us beyond the natural and immediate advantages which supposedly gave rise to civilizations.35 To overcome the hostility of the desert or the sudden squalls of the Mediterranean,to exploit the steady winds of the Indian Ocean,or to dam a river----all that needed human effort,to enjoy advantages,or rather to create them.

这,当然,由人的努力影响了几个世纪甚至千年.每个风景负担这连续和渐增劳方,世代踪影在世代以后贡献对整体.谈论文明是谈论空间、土地和它的等高、气候、植被、动物种类和自然或其它好处.它并且将谈论什么人类做了这些基本的情况:农业,股票养殖,食物,风雨棚,衣物,通信,产业等等.人类的不尽的戏曲被演奏部分确定他们的story-line 的阶段并且解释他们的自然.塑像宽广地将修改,仅集合遗骸的同样.它与烘干机印度形成对比Indo-Gangetic 平原,加上轻被剥皮的人民,大多数的Deccan 高原这家好战.印度整体上,在Goetz 的观点,是一次辩论和拔河在这两对比的区域和人民之间.自然和人造环境,当然,无法预先决定一切.它不最具能力.但它很大地影响任一个指定的情况固有或被获取的好处.采取固有好处,每文明是出生直接机会,迅速地剥削.因而在时间黎明,河文明茂盛了在旧世界:中国文明沿黄河; 这些经典事例显露高于一切通信的头等重要.文明无法生存没有流动性:所有由贸易和陌生人的刺激的冲击丰富.33 回教,例如,是不可思议的没有它的有蓬卡车的运动横跨它的沙漠和干草原` 干燥海的,没有它的远征在地中海和横跨印度洋就马六甲和中国.提及这些成就已经带领我们在假想提升文明的自然和直接好处之外.35 克服沙漠或突然的急风的敌意地中海,剥削印度洋的平稳的风,或抑制河所有需要的人的努力,享有好处,或宁可创造他