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谁能给我简单的讲讲虚拟语气

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谁能给我简单的讲讲虚拟语气
谁能给我简单的讲讲英语中的虚拟语气、名词性从句和定语从句,我都搞混了,咋办啊?
谁能给我简单的讲讲虚拟语气
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连词:that(无任何词意)
whether,if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)
as if ,as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)
以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,
whose,which.whichever,whomever
连接副词:when,where,how,why
不可省略的连词:
1.介词后的连词
2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略.
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较:
whether与if 均为"是否"的意思.但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1.whether引导主语从句并在句首
2.引导表语从句
3.whether从句作介词宾语
4.从句后有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语.
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
(一) 限定性定语从句
一、关系代词
1.that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语也可以省略.[eg:this is the book (which)you want.]而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置
2.which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3.代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括当先行词是anything,everything,nothing ,none等不定代词时,或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时等,这时的that常被省略 还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that
4.who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
二、关系副词
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on/ ...which (介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/ ...which (介词同先行词搭配)
whose=of which/ whom
1.where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句
2.when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London,we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to business trip,he brings a lot of living necessities,such as towels,soap,toothbrush etc.
3.whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物,当它引导的从句修饰物体时,可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样.
4.当从句的逻辑主语是some,any,no,somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you.这里有人要和你说话.[编辑本段](二)非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1.which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:
Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师.
My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园.
This novel,which I have read three times,is very touching.这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍.
3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦.
Liquid water changes to vapor,which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发.
4.有时as也可用作关系代词
5.在非限定性定语从句中,不能用关系副词why和关系代词that,而用who,whom代表人,用which,whose代表事物.;