英语翻译近两个世纪来,外语教学理论一直在不断发展.从最初的语法翻译法、直接法到之后的视听法和听说法,到上世纪七、八十年代

英语翻译
近两个世纪来,外语教学理论一直在不断发展.从最初的语法翻译法、直接法到之后的视听法和听说法,到上世纪七、八十年代盛行的功能意念法和交际法,这些理论的发展都离不开当时特定的社会、经济、政治、教育和文化背景.而对于教师来说,如何在教学实践中将这些教学理论和方法有机地统一起来,并结合具体的教学环境和学生的能力特点加以综合运用,已成当务之急.
1.寻找符合英语教学规律的教学法
回顾20世纪英语教学的发展过程,语言学家和语言教学专家主要从三个方面探讨英语教学的规律:
(1)努力对语言进行清晰、科学和系统的归纳、总结和描述,以解决教什么和学什么的问题;
(2)寻求最好的教学方法和教学技巧,培养素质好的语言教师;
(3)关注学习者,探索学习理论、策略和规律.语言教学研究的第二个方面是教学理论的探讨,主要研究教学方法和技巧.

说明：比较长的句子我用（a). (b) 分述,从标点符号或英语意群就能看出,这样就容易理解,英语中经常有这样的书写表达法.在选择词义时,有的必须把暗藏的本意也加上去才符合原文本意,希望阅读时,把一个句子看成一个整体,不要断章取义,（还要注意标点符号,和插入语） 会得到更好的理解.本文精心手工翻译,无论在形式和结构上都严格按照英语语法和习惯表达,极力杜绝中国式英语,确保质量.（译者：宋ocean ）
Over two centuries, the theory of foreign language teaching has been unceasing development ,from the initial translation method by grammar ,direct method ,to the subsequent audio video method and the audiolingual method ,and to the functional notional approach and communicative approach prevailing in the period from the 1970s to the 1980s. For all those theories above , their developments can 't do without then society ,economy ,politics, education and cultural backgrounds given . It will be the urgent affairs for the teachers (a)how to ,during teaching practices, and organically , unify these instructional theories and instructional methods ; and (b) how to synthetically utilize the theories and the methods above by combining the specific teaching environment with students ' abilities and their characteristic.
1. Seeking teaching method fit into the laws of English as a foreign language .
By retrospecting the development history of English teaching and learning during the 1920s , linguist and experts in language teaching can probe the laws of English teaching and learning ,mainly through the following 3 fields :
(1) .Making efforts to induce ,summarize and describe the language in distinct ,scientific and systematic way ,in order to resolve the problems of (a) what the teachers teach, and (b) what the students learn .
(2), Exploring the best teaching methods and the best teaching techniques to cultivate good quality of language master .
(3). Caring about the learners ; searching the theories ,strategies and laws of the learners .
The second aspect of language teaching is the probe of instructional theory which mainly deals with teaching methods and instructional skills .