百度作业网英语 语法
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：百度作业网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/05/04 07:05:53
八种时态的特征
解题思路： 如下
解题过程：
<一> 一般现在时
1. 构成：
一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数则将动词原形变为第三人称单数形式。
2. 用法：
①表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与often, always, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day等表示频度的副词或时间状语连用。
②表示客观事实或普遍真理。
③在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在时表示将来时。
<二> 一般过去时
1. 构成：
一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。
2. 用法：
①表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
②表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作。
和过去时连用的时间状语有：last night, yesterday, last week, some years ago, in 1995, just now等。
<三> 一般将来时
1. 构成：
①will + 动词原形；②be going to+ 动词原形；③现在进行时表将来；
2. 时间状语：tomorrow, next week, in a few days, in 2012等。
<四> 现在进行时
1. 构成：be（am, is, are）+ 动词的现在分词
2. 用法：
①表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。
②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。
当时间状语为now, these days等或当句子中含有look, listen, can you see之类的暗示词时，要使用现在进行时。
<五> 现在完成时
1. 结构：主语+have/has + 动词的过去分词
2. 用法：
①表示到现在为止已发生或完成的动作，其结果的影响现在依然存在。通常与just, already, yet, recently, before等时间状语连用。
I have seen the film already. 我已经看过那部电影了。
—Have you found your lost pen yet? 你已经找到你丢失的钢笔了吗？
—No. I haven’t found it yet. 没。我还没有找到。
小提示：
already和yet常和现在完成时连用，already用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可放在句末。yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中表示“还”，常放在句末。
②表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去。常和for+段时间，since+时间点，及how long, so far, in the last/past few years, up to now等时间状语连用。
She has been a dancer for ten years. 她已当了十年的舞蹈演员了。
We’ve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树。
3. 现在完成时中been to, gone to和been in/at
①been to去过某地，表示某人的一种经历，可以和once, twice, already, ever, never等连用。
eg. She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在这里)
②gone to 去某地了，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的途中或已在某地。
eg. She has gone to Shanghai. (表示现在她人不在这里)
③been in/at 逗留在某地(已经一段时间)，常和for ten days, since I came here等连用。
eg. She has been in Shanghai since she moved there.
4. 英语动词根据词义可分为两种，一种是延续性的，一种是终止性的，终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词、或点动词)，如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用，即不能与表示一段时间的状语，for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用，也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中。
• I’ve left Shanghai for three days.(×)
• I’ve been away from Shanghai for three days.(√).
• I left Shanghai three days ago. (√)
终止性动词要表示持续时，可用以下方法：
⑴ 将时间状语改为时间段+ ago，句中谓语动词用一般过去时。
eg. My brother joined the army two years ago. 我弟弟参军两年了。
⑵ 若保留for+时间段，since+时间点/从句，或用在 how long句型中，则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。
常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下：
open---be open die---be dead
close---be closed become---be
borrow---keep begin/start---be on
put on---wear leave---be away (from)
buy---have sleep /fall asleep---be asleep
end/finish---be over catch a cold---have a cold
come back---be back get up---be up
come/go/arrive/get/reach/move---be in/at
join ---be in/be a member of
<六> 过去进行时
1. 构成：was或were+动词的现在分词
2. 用法：
①表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterday等连用。
②注意在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中过去进行时的运用。
<七> 过去完成时
1. 构成：had+动词的过去分词
2. 用法：
过去完成时指的是到过去某个时间已经完成的动作或状态。也就是“过去的过去”。常用的时间状语by yesterday, by the end of last week, by the time he was ten, before I came等。
By the time she got to class, the teacher had already started teaching.
When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home.
<八> 过去将来时
1. 构成：would+动词原形；was/were going to+动词原形
2. 用法：
过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这一时态多用在宾语从句中，表示从句动作发生在主句动作之后。
小练习
1. —What’s your father doing now?
—He the room.
A. cleaned B. cleans C. has cleaned D. is cleaning
2. Rose came to Beijing in 2002. She here for nine years.
A. was living B. live C. will live D. has lived
3. It heavily when I left the cinema.
A. rains B. will rain C. is raining D. was raining
4. —Would you like to go and see Avatar（阿凡达）with me tonight?
—Thank you very much, but I it already.
A. see B. will see C. have seen D. am seeing
5. Tian and her parents to England for sightseeing last summer.
A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone
6. —Jack, I haven’t seen your brother for a long time.
—He Shanghai on business for two months.
A. went to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has been to
7. —How clean the bedroom is!
—Yes, I am sure that someone it.
A. cleans B. cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned
8. —What did the teacher say just now?
—Sorry. I didn’t catch it. I something else.
A. think B. will think C. was thinking D. had thought
9. If you go to the western part of the city, you a lot of new buildings.
A. see B. have seen C. will see D.saw
10. He wanted to know if they to the park the next week.
A. will go B. go C. went D. would go
答案：1-5 DDDCB 6-10 CCCCD
最终答案：略
解题过程：
<一> 一般现在时
1. 构成：
一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数则将动词原形变为第三人称单数形式。
2. 用法：
①表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与often, always, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day等表示频度的副词或时间状语连用。
②表示客观事实或普遍真理。
③在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在时表示将来时。
<二> 一般过去时
1. 构成：
一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。
2. 用法：
①表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
②表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作。
和过去时连用的时间状语有：last night, yesterday, last week, some years ago, in 1995, just now等。
<三> 一般将来时
1. 构成：
①will + 动词原形；②be going to+ 动词原形；③现在进行时表将来；
2. 时间状语：tomorrow, next week, in a few days, in 2012等。
<四> 现在进行时
1. 构成：be（am, is, are）+ 动词的现在分词
2. 用法：
①表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。
②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。
当时间状语为now, these days等或当句子中含有look, listen, can you see之类的暗示词时，要使用现在进行时。
<五> 现在完成时
1. 结构：主语+have/has + 动词的过去分词
2. 用法：
①表示到现在为止已发生或完成的动作，其结果的影响现在依然存在。通常与just, already, yet, recently, before等时间状语连用。
I have seen the film already. 我已经看过那部电影了。
—Have you found your lost pen yet? 你已经找到你丢失的钢笔了吗？
—No. I haven’t found it yet. 没。我还没有找到。
小提示：
already和yet常和现在完成时连用，already用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可放在句末。yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中表示“还”，常放在句末。
②表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去。常和for+段时间，since+时间点，及how long, so far, in the last/past few years, up to now等时间状语连用。
She has been a dancer for ten years. 她已当了十年的舞蹈演员了。
We’ve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树。
3. 现在完成时中been to, gone to和been in/at
①been to去过某地，表示某人的一种经历，可以和once, twice, already, ever, never等连用。
eg. She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在这里)
②gone to 去某地了，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的途中或已在某地。
eg. She has gone to Shanghai. (表示现在她人不在这里)
③been in/at 逗留在某地(已经一段时间)，常和for ten days, since I came here等连用。
eg. She has been in Shanghai since she moved there.
4. 英语动词根据词义可分为两种，一种是延续性的，一种是终止性的，终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词、或点动词)，如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用，即不能与表示一段时间的状语，for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用，也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中。
• I’ve left Shanghai for three days.(×)
• I’ve been away from Shanghai for three days.(√).
• I left Shanghai three days ago. (√)
终止性动词要表示持续时，可用以下方法：
⑴ 将时间状语改为时间段+ ago，句中谓语动词用一般过去时。
eg. My brother joined the army two years ago. 我弟弟参军两年了。
⑵ 若保留for+时间段，since+时间点/从句，或用在 how long句型中，则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。
常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下：
open---be open die---be dead
close---be closed become---be
borrow---keep begin/start---be on
put on---wear leave---be away (from)
buy---have sleep /fall asleep---be asleep
end/finish---be over catch a cold---have a cold
come back---be back get up---be up
come/go/arrive/get/reach/move---be in/at
join ---be in/be a member of
<六> 过去进行时
1. 构成：was或were+动词的现在分词
2. 用法：
①表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterday等连用。
②注意在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中过去进行时的运用。
<七> 过去完成时
1. 构成：had+动词的过去分词
2. 用法：
过去完成时指的是到过去某个时间已经完成的动作或状态。也就是“过去的过去”。常用的时间状语by yesterday, by the end of last week, by the time he was ten, before I came等。
By the time she got to class, the teacher had already started teaching.
When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home.
<八> 过去将来时
1. 构成：would+动词原形；was/were going to+动词原形
2. 用法：
过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这一时态多用在宾语从句中，表示从句动作发生在主句动作之后。
小练习
1. —What’s your father doing now?
—He the room.
A. cleaned B. cleans C. has cleaned D. is cleaning
2. Rose came to Beijing in 2002. She here for nine years.
A. was living B. live C. will live D. has lived
3. It heavily when I left the cinema.
A. rains B. will rain C. is raining D. was raining
4. —Would you like to go and see Avatar（阿凡达）with me tonight?
—Thank you very much, but I it already.
A. see B. will see C. have seen D. am seeing
5. Tian and her parents to England for sightseeing last summer.
A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone
6. —Jack, I haven’t seen your brother for a long time.
—He Shanghai on business for two months.
A. went to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has been to
7. —How clean the bedroom is!
—Yes, I am sure that someone it.
A. cleans B. cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned
8. —What did the teacher say just now?
—Sorry. I didn’t catch it. I something else.
A. think B. will think C. was thinking D. had thought
9. If you go to the western part of the city, you a lot of new buildings.
A. see B. have seen C. will see D.saw
10. He wanted to know if they to the park the next week.
A. will go B. go C. went D. would go
答案：1-5 DDDCB 6-10 CCCCD
最终答案：略