英语翻译To cope with volatility and risks,negotiators should be

英语翻译
To cope with volatility and risks,negotiators should be prepared with advice from experts on the probability of economic and political risks in the target country.Armed with valid and reliable information on the most likely economic and political scenarios,international managers would be on a firmer footing to effectively negotiate the very best deal possible with their company counterparts in the host country.
International negotiators must Nave expertise in the target country as well as in the global business environment.Knowledge of global opportunities and risks for the company's product is most useful because it serves as a benchmark against which to evaluate the costs and benefits of doing business in a particular country.For example,a British company that is negotiating a joint venture with a Chinese enterprise to produce cars for the Chinese market would be in a much better bargaining position knowing that an equally good opportunity exists in India.
Ideological Differences
Ideology may be defined as the body of ideas on which a particular political,economic,or social system is based.International managers may be shocked to find that the ideologies--indeed,the very basis of life they have always taken for granted may not exist in other countries.For example,political freedom is limited in Egypt,which allows only one political party to exist.It is almost totally absent in China.Equality does not exist among Saudi Arabians,especially between men and women.The right to own private property does not exist in communist countries like Cuba,North Korea,and China.And in segments of the economy where private enterprise does exist,that right is delegated to the individual by the state.These concepts all run quite contrary to the ideology of the United States,where individuals have the birthright to own property,exercise political freedom,and be treated equally.
Countries such as India,Nigeria,Malaysia,Egypt,and Indonesia,which were once Western colonies,have a history of antipathy toward foreign investment.It is mistakenly perceived as another form of foreign domination.Although these attitudes have changed dramatically since the beginning of the 1990s,left-wing political parties and labor unions continue to blame global companies for the countries' domestic problems.The conflict in political ideologies makes it necessary for negotiators to find a middle ground and frame the language and content of the negotiated contract in a pattern that is acceptable to both sides.

为了应付动荡和风险,谈判商应事先询问目标国经济和政治风险专家的意见.有了对于经济和政治前景可靠的信息后,国际经理们就同目标国公司完成高效率谈判高质量交易迈出了坚实的一步.
国际谈判商对于目标国和全球商业环境都应具备高技能.全球机遇与风险的认识对于公司产品是最有用的因为这相当于是在一个国家衡量做生意的成本与收益的标杆.比如,一家英国公司与一家中国企业就向中国市场提供汽车进行协商,如果英国公司知道在印度有同样好的商机,那么协商中就会占有先机.
意识形态差异
意识形态可以定义成基于特定政治,经济或社会体制下的观念体系.国际经理们会惊讶地发现那些在他们认为是理所当然的观念在其他国家并不如此.比如,在埃及政治自由是受限制的,那里只有一个政党存在.在中国这更是难觅踪迹.平等观念并不存在于沙特阿拉伯人中,尤其是男女间.私有财产的拥有权在像古巴,朝鲜和中国这样的共产主义国家中也是没有的.而在一些小经济体民营企业确也存在,那么这种权力将由政府委托给个人.这些概念和美国人的观念完全不一样,美国人一出生便有财产拥有权,政治自由权,以及平等对待权.
在一些曾是西方国家殖民地的国家,像印度,尼日利亚,马来西亚,埃及和印度尼西亚,他们的历史让他们对外来投资反感.外商投资被错误地认作另一种殖民形式.虽然90年代以来这种态度有了戏剧性的改变,但左翼政党和劳动联盟继续将国内问题归咎于全球公司.政治观念的冲突让谈判商有必要寻求一条折衷之路,使用双方都能接受的语言和合同风格内容制订合同.