英语翻译Second,we are able to identify thedifferential effects o

英语翻译
Second,we are able to identify thedifferential effects of learning by exporting on innovation in manufacturingand (knowledge intensive) service firms.Certain attributes of services such asintangibility and inseparability may have implications for the ease with whichsuch firms enter and acquire knowledge from export markets,and hence for the learningby exporting effect.Previous research suggests,and finds empirically,thatthe barriers to internationalization are lower for service firms,and especiallyfor knowledge-intensive service firms,than for manufacturing enterprises
(Contractor,Kumar,& Kundu,2007; Contractor,Kundu,& Hsu,2003).If service firmscan indeed enter export markets more easily than manufacturing firms,this inturn may imply that learning by exporting occurs more readily for servicefirms,with
less need forpersistence in exporting.We test this hypothesis.
Third,we examine the effects of learningby exporting separately for high-intensity and low-intensity innovators.Whilsthigh-intensity innovators tend to be those with high-quality internal resources(Love,Roper,& Hewitt-Dundas,2010; Roper,Du,& Love,2008),low-level innovators may lack some of the internal resources which would allowthem to become more successful in marketing new products.Low-intensityinnovators will have more to gain from the exposure to foreign markets and theassociated learning-by-exporting effects than their high innovation-intensitycounterparts,but may also lack the absorptive capacity to take advantage ofthese effects.We determine the net effects of these influences on relativeinnovation performance.
We find evidence of learning by exporting,but also that the pattern of this effect is relatively complex.Exporting helpshigh-tech SMEs innovate subsequently,but does not make them more innovationintensive.There is also evidence that it is consistent exposure to exportmarkets that helps firms overcome the innovation hurdle,but that there is apositive scale effect of exposure to export markets which allows innovativefirms to sell more of their new-to-market products on entering export markets.Our results also suggest that service sector firms are able to reap thebenefits of exposure to export markets at an earlier (entry) stage of theinternationalization process than are manufacturing firms.Firms producing arapidly changing portfolio of innovative products exhibit differences in termsof entry to and exit from export markets from lowintensity innovators,and thisis reflected in the benefits they gain from entry and exit into and out of suchmarkets.

第二,我们能够确定的出口创新制造差异的学习（知识密集型服务企业的影响）.这样的服务asintangibility和不可分割的某些属性可能会影响公司与whichsuch轻松进入出口市场的获取知识,从而为从出口的影响.先前的研究表明,发现的经验,这个国际化的障碍,是服务企业,特别是较低的,知识密集型服务企业,比制造企业（承包商,库马尔,&；Kundu,2007；承包商,Kundu,&；许,2003）.如果服务firmscan的确进入出口市场比制造企业更容易,这也可能意味着出口学习更容易出现的servicefirms,withless需要forpersistence出口.我们检验这一假设.第三,我们研究的影响,从出口分别为高强度和低强度的创新者.whilsthigh强度创新者的往往是那些高质量的内部资源（爱,罗珀,&；休伊特登打士,2010；罗珀,杜,&；爱,2008）,低级别的创新者可能缺乏一些内部资源,它们能够在市场的新产品,成为更成功.低intensityinnovators将有更多的增益从曝光到国外市场和相关的出口的影响比他们高创新intensitycounterparts学习,但也可能缺乏利用这些效应的吸收能力.我们确定这些影响relativeinnovation性能的净影响.我们发现出口学习的证据,而且,这种影响的模式较为复杂.出口helpshigh科技中小企业创新,随后,但并没有使他们更innovationintensive.也有证据表明,它是一致的曝光的出口市场,帮助企业克服创新障碍,但也暴露于出口市场,使innovativefirms出售更多的新产品进入市场的出口市场积极的规模效应.我们的研究结果还表明,服务业公司能够获得暴露在早期的出口市场的好处（进入）比制造企业国际化过程的阶段.公司生产的快速创新产品的投资组合表现出不同的变化从进入和退出出口市场从弱的创新者,这反映在他们从中获得好处的入口和出口的流入和流出的suchmarkets.