百度作业网高中英语常见的情态动词且它们的意思
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：百度作业网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/05/28 14:08:08
高中英语常见的情态动词且它们的意思
情态动词
★基本概念和用法：
情态动词是一类本身具有一定词义的动词,但没有人称和数的变化,也不能单独使用,它必须要和其他动词连用作句子的谓语.情态动词可表示语气、建议、要求、可能和意愿等.常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare等.
★情态动词的基本用法
1. can (could) 表能力、允许、(从理论上或逻辑上判断）可能性以及表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度（主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中）.could指过去或表示语气委婉.例如：
The boy can speak three languages.这个孩子能说三种语言.
Can I borrow the book from the library?我能从图书馆里借书吗?
I could swim when I was eight.我八岁的时候就能游泳.
2. may (might) 表允许、可能性、祝愿等.might可以指过去,也可指现在,语气更委婉.例如：
May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby?我可以要一张你孩子的照片吗?
She may be still waiting for us.她也许还在等我们呢.
May you have a happy holiday!祝你假期愉快!
3. will (would) 表意愿(用于各种人称的陈述句)、请求(用于疑问句)、某种倾向或习惯性动作等.would指过去或表示语气委婉.例如：
Will you come this way, please?请这边来.
Would you please close the window?请你关好窗子好吗?
Fish will die without water.鱼离开水会死.
Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.每当她遇到麻烦,她都会找他帮忙.
4. must 表命令、推测（现在、过去或将来的猜测）、偏偏等含义.例如：
We must do everything step by step.你必须按部就班的做事情.
He must be ill. He looks so pale.他一定是病了,脸色看起啦这么苍白.
It can’t help. He must go with me.这不管用,他必须跟我走.
5. shall 用于第一、三人称疑问句中表示请求或征求对方意见; 用于第二、三人称陈述句中表示允诺、命令、警告、威胁、决心等.例如：
Shall I get you a cup of coffee?要我给你杯咖啡吗?
You shall have my answer tomorrow.明天你就能得到我的答复.
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.我告诉你,他总有一天会为此后悔.
6. should / ought to 表义务（因责任、义务等该做）、推测、建议等.ought to 的口气比should稍重.例如：
You should be polite to your teachers.你应该对老师有礼貌.
You are his father so you ought to take care of him.你是他的父亲,因此你应该照顾他.
★情态动词的回答
疑问式
肯定回答
否定回答
Could I…?
Yes, you can.
Yes, go ahead.
No, you can’t.
Must I…?
Yes, you must.
No, you needn’t / don’t have to.
May I …?
Yes, of course.
Yes, please.
Yes, go ahead.
No, you mustn’t.
No, you can’t.
Will you ...?
Would you…?
Certainly. / Sure. / All right.
I’m sorry. I can’t.
No, thank you.
No, I won’t.
★辨析
1. can (could) 与be able to
can表示“能力”时,和be able to相当,许多场合都可以互换.但当叙述过去经过一番努力才能完成的事情或前面有特殊说明时,只能用be able to,且be able to可以用于各种时态.例如：
I can / am able to stand on my head.我能倒立.
I’m sorry I haven’t been able to answer your letter in time.非常抱歉我没有能够及时回答你的问题.
2. must与have to
must与have to都含有“必须”之意,must含有说话者的强烈决心 (表示主观的看法),have to则表示外部因素或习惯使然 (即表示客观的必要,作“不得不”解),且have to 有更多的时态形式.例如：
He said that he must work hard. （主观） 他说他必须努力学习.
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. (客观) 妈妈病了,因此我不得不在半夜里叫医生.
We’ll have to help them as much as we can.我们将不得不尽力帮助他们.
3. would 与used to
would表示过去的习惯性动作时,只表示过去的情况,与现在无关,往往要带有一个特定的时间状语；used to可表示过去的习惯动作或状态,强调“现在已无此习惯”.例如：
Whenever we were in the country, we would play hide-and-seek in the fields. 无论什么时候我们在乡下,我们都会玩捉迷藏.
We used to play hide-and-seek in the fields.我们过去常在野外玩捉迷藏.
★ 情态动词+ have +过去分词
1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth.表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情.
Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident. 菲利普也许在车祸中严重受伤的.
2) must have +done sth.,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有“肯定”的意思.
--- Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.琳达已经去工作了,但是她的自行车还在这里.
---She must have gone by bus.她一定是坐公车去的.
3) ought to have done sth., should have done sth. 本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做.否定句表示"不该做某事而做了".
You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.你在实验中本该更认真一点的.
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.你本不该旧衣服扔掉的.（事实上已扔了.）
注意：ought to 在语气上比should 要强.
4) needn’t have done sth 本没必要做某事
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn’t have done so. The weather was hot.我穿的很暖和去度假,但是我没有必要这样穿,天气太热了.
★基本概念和用法：
情态动词是一类本身具有一定词义的动词,但没有人称和数的变化,也不能单独使用,它必须要和其他动词连用作句子的谓语.情态动词可表示语气、建议、要求、可能和意愿等.常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare等.
★情态动词的基本用法
1. can (could) 表能力、允许、(从理论上或逻辑上判断）可能性以及表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度（主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中）.could指过去或表示语气委婉.例如：
The boy can speak three languages.这个孩子能说三种语言.
Can I borrow the book from the library?我能从图书馆里借书吗?
I could swim when I was eight.我八岁的时候就能游泳.
2. may (might) 表允许、可能性、祝愿等.might可以指过去,也可指现在,语气更委婉.例如：
May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby?我可以要一张你孩子的照片吗?
She may be still waiting for us.她也许还在等我们呢.
May you have a happy holiday!祝你假期愉快!
3. will (would) 表意愿(用于各种人称的陈述句)、请求(用于疑问句)、某种倾向或习惯性动作等.would指过去或表示语气委婉.例如：
Will you come this way, please?请这边来.
Would you please close the window?请你关好窗子好吗?
Fish will die without water.鱼离开水会死.
Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.每当她遇到麻烦,她都会找他帮忙.
4. must 表命令、推测（现在、过去或将来的猜测）、偏偏等含义.例如：
We must do everything step by step.你必须按部就班的做事情.
He must be ill. He looks so pale.他一定是病了,脸色看起啦这么苍白.
It can’t help. He must go with me.这不管用,他必须跟我走.
5. shall 用于第一、三人称疑问句中表示请求或征求对方意见; 用于第二、三人称陈述句中表示允诺、命令、警告、威胁、决心等.例如：
Shall I get you a cup of coffee?要我给你杯咖啡吗?
You shall have my answer tomorrow.明天你就能得到我的答复.
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.我告诉你,他总有一天会为此后悔.
6. should / ought to 表义务（因责任、义务等该做）、推测、建议等.ought to 的口气比should稍重.例如：
You should be polite to your teachers.你应该对老师有礼貌.
You are his father so you ought to take care of him.你是他的父亲,因此你应该照顾他.
★情态动词的回答
疑问式
肯定回答
否定回答
Could I…?
Yes, you can.
Yes, go ahead.
No, you can’t.
Must I…?
Yes, you must.
No, you needn’t / don’t have to.
May I …?
Yes, of course.
Yes, please.
Yes, go ahead.
No, you mustn’t.
No, you can’t.
Will you ...?
Would you…?
Certainly. / Sure. / All right.
I’m sorry. I can’t.
No, thank you.
No, I won’t.
★辨析
1. can (could) 与be able to
can表示“能力”时,和be able to相当,许多场合都可以互换.但当叙述过去经过一番努力才能完成的事情或前面有特殊说明时,只能用be able to,且be able to可以用于各种时态.例如：
I can / am able to stand on my head.我能倒立.
I’m sorry I haven’t been able to answer your letter in time.非常抱歉我没有能够及时回答你的问题.
2. must与have to
must与have to都含有“必须”之意,must含有说话者的强烈决心 (表示主观的看法),have to则表示外部因素或习惯使然 (即表示客观的必要,作“不得不”解),且have to 有更多的时态形式.例如：
He said that he must work hard. （主观） 他说他必须努力学习.
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. (客观) 妈妈病了,因此我不得不在半夜里叫医生.
We’ll have to help them as much as we can.我们将不得不尽力帮助他们.
3. would 与used to
would表示过去的习惯性动作时,只表示过去的情况,与现在无关,往往要带有一个特定的时间状语；used to可表示过去的习惯动作或状态,强调“现在已无此习惯”.例如：
Whenever we were in the country, we would play hide-and-seek in the fields. 无论什么时候我们在乡下,我们都会玩捉迷藏.
We used to play hide-and-seek in the fields.我们过去常在野外玩捉迷藏.
★ 情态动词+ have +过去分词
1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth.表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情.
Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident. 菲利普也许在车祸中严重受伤的.
2) must have +done sth.,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有“肯定”的意思.
--- Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.琳达已经去工作了,但是她的自行车还在这里.
---She must have gone by bus.她一定是坐公车去的.
3) ought to have done sth., should have done sth. 本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做.否定句表示"不该做某事而做了".
You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.你在实验中本该更认真一点的.
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.你本不该旧衣服扔掉的.（事实上已扔了.）
注意：ought to 在语气上比should 要强.
4) needn’t have done sth 本没必要做某事
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn’t have done so. The weather was hot.我穿的很暖和去度假,但是我没有必要这样穿,天气太热了.