英语翻译II.Electronic Money 1.What is money?Money is a medium th

英语翻译
II.Electronic Money
1.What is money?
Money is a medium that people are willing to accept for the goods,securities,and services that they sell.Money serves three purposes.10 First,as just mentioned,it serves as a medium of exchange.Second,as a standard of value,it serves as a measure for the value of a good or service and thus provides a standard for making comparisons between different goods and services.Finally,it functions as a store of value,thus it can be saved and used in the future.
In order to realize its three functions,money possesses certain characteristics which allow it to enable transactions.First,it must be durable to function as a store of value.In other words,when money is not spent,it is retrievable.However,if it is destroyed,stolen,or otherwise lost,it is not replaceable.Second,it must be difficult for individuals to create or counterfeit money.Public trust in money's legitimacy is an essential element of its successful use as a medium of exchange.Third,it must be widely accepted.The larger the community of users who trust and accept money,the more that its value as a medium of exchange is increased.Finally,when it is exchanged,there is anonymity.11
2.What is electronic money?
E-banking as well as e-money are rather generic terms and we need to specify what we are talking about.It is well accepted that e-banking can be separated into two streams:one is e-money products,mainly in the form of stored value products,the other is electronic delivery channel products or access products.The latter are products that allow consumers to use electronic means of communication to access conventional payment services,for example,use of a standard personal computer and a computer network such as the Internet to make a credit card payment or to transmit instructions to make funds transfers between bank accounts.The significant novel feature of these access schemes is the communication method and so they do not raise the same concerns as e-money schemes and are not considered further in this article.
As e-money is still at the early stage of development,there is still no unified definition of e-money.Different person even different bodies have described and categorized e-money products in different ways.The European Commission defined electronic money in its Draft Directive as:12
a.Stored electronically on an electronic device such as a chip card or a computer memory;
b.Accepted as means of payment by undertakings other than the issuing institution;
c.Generated in order to be put at the disposal of users to serve as an electronic surrogate for coins and banknotes; and
d.Generated for the purpose of effecting electronic transfers of limited value payments.

II.电子货币 1.什么是金钱?金钱是媒介,人们是愿意接受为他们卖的物品、证券,和服务.金钱象被提及,它担当交换媒介首先服务三purposes.10,.其次,作为价值标准,它起一个措施作用对于好或服务的价值和为做因而提供标准比较在不同的物品和服务之间.终于,它功能作为价值商店,因而它可能被保存和在将来被使用.为了体会它的三个作用,金钱拥有允许它使能交易的某些特征.首先,它必须是耐久的功能作为价值商店.换句话说,当金钱不花费,它是可检索的.但是,如果它被毁坏,被窃取,或否则丢失,它不是可替换的.其次,它必须是难为个体创造或假劣金钱.公开信任在money's 合法是它成功的用途的一个根本元素作为交换媒介.第三,它必须广泛被接受.更大用户的社区信任和收下钱,更它的价值当交换媒介被增加.终于,当它被交换,有anonymity.11 2.什么是电子货币?E 银行业务并且e 金钱是相当普通期限并且我们需要指定什么我们谈论.它很好被接受,e 银行业务可能被分离入二条小河:你是e 金钱产品,主要以被存放的价值产品的形式,其他是电子交付渠道产品或通入产品.后者是允许消费者使用电子通信方式访问常规付款对一台标准个人计算机的服务,例如,用途和一个计算机网络譬如互联网付信用卡支付或传送指示做资金调动在银行帐户之间的产品.这些通入计划重大新颖的特点是通信方法和因此他们不提出询问和e 金钱计划一样和不被考虑进一步在这篇文章里.因为e 金钱仍然是在发展早期,仍然有e 金钱的没有统一的定义.不同的人甚而不同的身体描述了和被分类的e 金钱产品用不同的方式.欧共体定义了电子货币在它的草稿方针as:12 a.电子存放在一个电子设备譬如晶片卡片或计算机存储器; b.接受作为付款方式由事业不同于发布的机关; c.引起为了被投入由用户支配起一个电子代理人作用对于硬币和钞票; 并且 d.引起为影响极限值付款电子调用的目的