英语翻译Abstract:This paper tests the assertion that experienced

英语翻译
Abstract:This paper tests the assertion that experienced contractors are more competitive than inexperienced contractors by measuring
the effect of experience on bidding competitiveness for building contracts procured by a regular client.Contractors are grouped into
experienced and inexperienced contractors,and two levels of contractors’ experience are identified:bidding experience only and
bidding plus construction experience.Results of two-sample t tests show that experienced contractors are more competitive than inexperienced
contractors.Contractors’ competitiveness in respect of school contracts and other contracts are further compared in evaluating the
relationship between the project type and experience effect.Experienced contractors are,on average,more competitive in competing for
school contracts.It emerges that the factor of project type familiarity amplifies the experience effect.A comparison of experienced
contractors’ competitiveness in bidding for new building works and alteration and extension works shows that the effect of
experience would be more significant when contract works packages are highly standardized.
DOI:10.1061/~ASCE!0733-9364~2003!129:388!
CE Database subject headings:Competition; Bidding; Contractors; Construction industry.
Introduction
Construction clients have often been accused of encouraging too
many contractors to tender,thereby causing excessive competition
e.g.,Flanagan and Norman 1985; Latham 1994!.However,
what constitutes the ideal number of contractors in construction
contract bidding has been widely debated Merna and Smith
1990!.It seems that unduly competitive pressure makes it more
difficult for contractors to make a reasonable profit thereby adversely
affecting the health of the industry in the long run.The
number of bidders should be rationally determined so that bidding
can proceed at the right level of competition and at minimal bidding
costs borne by bidders Latham 1994!.Considering the effect
of contractors’ experience on bidding performance,as noted
by Flanagan and Norman 1985!,could be a rationale for selecting
potentially competitive bidders,based on a belief that experienced
contractors are in general more competitive than inexperienced
contractors.Developed from this thought,this paper
explores the effect of experience on bidding performance with a
deeper insight into the profiles of contractors’ experiential learning.
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摘要：本文测试断言,经验丰富的承建商超过承包商的竞争经验,通过测量
关于招标定期为客户采购合同的竞争力,影响建设的经验.承建商分为
有经验和没有经验的承包商,和两名承包商的经验水平确定：〜1!招标经验,只〜2!
招标加上施工经验.结果两样本t检验表明,有经验的承包商的竞争多于经验
承包商.承建商在学校或其他合约方面的竞争能力进一步比较评价
之间的关系项目类型和经验的影响.有经验的承包商,平均来说,已在竞争力
学校合同.它出现的项目的类型熟悉的因素放大作用的经验.一个比较有经验
承包商在投标竞争力为〜1!新的建设工程,以及〜2!改建和扩建工程表明,其效果
经验将更加显着的工程合约,包高度标准化.
日期：10.1061 /〜ASCE!0733-9364〜2003年!129:4〜388!
CE数据库主题词：竞争;招标,承包商,建筑行业.
导言
建设客户经常被人指责过于鼓励
很多承建商投标,从而造成过度竞争
〜例如,弗拉纳根和诺曼1985;莱瑟姆1994!.但是,
什么构成的建筑承包商的理想数目
合同招标曾引起广泛争议〜梅尔纳和史密斯
1990!.看来,过分的竞争压力使得更多
很难承办商作出合理的利润,从而不利
影响长远来看,该行业的健康.那个
投标人的数量要合理确定,使招标
可以继续在适当水平的竞争,并以最低的投标
由投标人承担的费用〜莱瑟姆1994!.考虑到效果
对承建商在投标的经验,而且指出
由Flanagan和诺曼〜1985!,可能是一个选择的理由
潜在竞争力的投标者,这样的信念为基础的经验
承包商一般竞争多于经验
承包商.发展到这一思想,本文件
探讨竞价性能与经验的影响
深入洞悉承建商经验学习的概况.