国外关于民主的研究英文原文

国外关于民主的研究英文原文
最好有中文翻译

For more than 20 years,the National Democratic Institute (NDI) has worked with political parties around the world to create more open political environments in which citizens can actively participate in the democratic process.As a political party institute,NDI approaches its work from a practical viewpoint,offering assistance to promote parties' long-term organizational development,enhance their competitiveness in local and national elections,and help them participate constructively in government.This support takes many forms,from interactive training and guided practice to consultations and tailored resources that help parties become more open and representative organizations.
In November 2005,NDI released a series of research papers that examine four topics central to the role and function of political parties.Two of the papers,party law and party finance,discuss regulatory mechanisms that directly impact parties,while the other two,intra-party democracy and communications,relate to parties' internal governance and organization:
"Political Finance Policy,Parties and Democratic Development",by Dr.Michael Johnston,offers an analysis of political finance policy,with a primary focus on societies where democracy is either relatively new or emerging from crisis.
"Adopting Party Law",by Dr.Kenneth Janda,provides cautions leaders should heed and outlines a number of questions to consider in devising party law.Dr.Janda also created a database of party laws.
"Implementing Intra-Party Democracy",by Dr.Susan Scarrow,discusses the advantages and risks of intra-party democracy,examining some of the questions parties may face in implementing more inclusive decision-making procedures.
"Developments in Party Communications",by Dr.Pippa Norris,focuses on the communication channels parties can use to strengthen their linkages with citizens,and relates these developments to the communication policies governments can adopt to improve free and fair party competition.
The Political Parties and Democracy in Theoretical and Practical Perspectives series was made possible through support provided by the Office of Democracy and Governance,Bureau for Democracy,Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance,U.S.Agency for International Development.
Leading scholars in the field of political parties and democratic governance joined NDI in this unique endeavor:
Michael Johnston is the Charles A.Dana Professor of Political Science and division director for social sciences at Colgate University.He served as founding co-editor of the journal Corruption and Reform from 1985 through 1996,and with the late Arnold J.Heidenheimer,co-edited Political Corruption:Concepts and Contexts (2002).His forthcoming books include Syndromes of Corruption:Wealth,Power,and Democracy (2005) and an edited anthology on civil society and reform.Dr.Johnston has served as a consultant to international organizations and development agencies,including the World Bank,the Asia Foundation,the New York State Commission on Governmental Integrity,the U.S.Agency for International Development,and the United Nations.Dr.Johnston is currently working on a corruption assessment project for USAID.He holds a Ph.D.from Yale University.
Kenneth Janda is the Payson S.Wild Professor Emeritus at Northwestern University.He has been co-editor of the international journal Party Politics since 1995,and in 2000 he won a Lifetime Achievement award from the American Political Science Association (APSA) for his research on political parties.In 2005,he was co-winner of the Best Instructional Software Award from the APSA,an award he also received in 1992.Dr.Janda's books include Political Parties:A Cross National Survey (1980) and,with co-author Robert Harmel,Parties and Their Environments:Limits to Reform?(1982).His co-authored American government textbook,The Challenge of Democracy,is used in hundreds of colleges across the nation and has been translated into Czech,Georgian,Hungarian,Korean,and Russian.
Susan Scarrow is an associate professor of political science at the University of Houston.She is the author of Perspectives on Political Parties:Classic Readings (2002) and Parties and their Members:Organizing for Victory in Britain and Germany (1996),and with Bruce Cain and Russell Dalton is co-editor of Democracy Transformed?(2003).Her articles have appeared in such journals as Comparative Political Studies,Legislative Studies Quarterly,Party Politics,and The European Journal of Political Research.Dr.Scarrow serves on the editorial boards of Party Politics.and West European Politics and is a past president of the British Politics Group,an affiliated section of the American Political Science Association.She holds a Ph.D.from Yale University.
Pippa Norris is the McGuire Lecturer in Comparative Politics at the John F.Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.She has published almost three dozen books,including Radical Right:Parties and Electoral Competition (2005),Sacred and Secular:Religion and Politics Worldwide (2004),and Electoral Engineering:Voting Rules and Political Behavior (2004).Dr.Norris has acted as an expert consultant for many international bodies including the United Nations,the United Nations Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization,the Council of Europe,the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA),the National Endowment for Democracy,and the United Kingdom Electoral Commission.She has also served on the executive boards of the American Political Science Association and International Political Science Association.Dr.Norris holds a master's degree and Ph.D.in politics from the London School of Economics.