关于Robert Spring的一片文章,英语好的帮帮忙,（不要用工具的,

关于Robert Spring的一片文章,英语好的帮帮忙,（不要用工具的,
Robert Spring,a 19th century forger(伪造者),was so good at his profession that he was able to make his living for 15 years by selling false signatures of famous Americans.Spring was born in England in 1813 and arrived in Philadelphia in 1858 to open a bookstore.At first he prospered by selling his small but genuine collection of early U.S.autographs.Discovering his ability at copying handwriting,he began imitating signatures of George Washington and Ben Franklin and writing them on the title pages of old books.To lessen the chance of detection,he sent his forgeries to England and Canada for sale and circulation.
Forgers have a hard time selling their products.A forger can’t approach a respectable buyer but must deal with people who don’t have much knowledge in the field.Forgers have many ways to make their work look real.For example,they buy old books to use the aged paper of the title page,and they can treat paper and ink with chemicals.
In Spring’s time,right after the Civil War,Britain was still fond of the Southern states,so Spring invented a respectable maiden lady known as Miss Fanny Jackson,the only daughter of General “Stonewall” Jackson.For several years Miss Fanny’s financial problems forced her to sell a great number of letters and manuscripts belonging to her famous father.Spring had to work very hard to satisfy the demand.All this activity did not prevent Spring from dying in poverty,leaving sharp-eyed experts the difficult task of separating his forgeries from the originals.

罗伯特 斯普林是19世纪的伪造专家,他精于此道,靠出售伪造的美国名人签名过了15年.斯普林于1813年生于英国,1858年到美国费城开了一家书店.起初他靠出售他收藏的几个真品美国早期签名而发了财.由于发现自己在模仿笔迹方面的天赋,他开始模拟乔治 华盛顿和本 富兰克林的签名,并把它们写在一些旧书的扉页上.为了尽可能不被发现,他把伪造的签名卖到英国和加拿大.
伪造者一般很难卖出他们的产品.他们无法接触来自名门望族的买家,而必须与不太懂行的人做生意.伪造者有许多办法让他们的作品看起来象真的一样.如,他们买回旧书,使用书里旧的扉页,还能用化学品处理纸和墨水.
在斯普林年代,即美国内战刚刚结束时,英国依然支持美国南部各州,因此斯普林杜撰了一个名叫凡妮 杰克逊小姐的名缓闺秀,假扮成“斯通沃”杰克逊将军的独女.几年来,凡妮小姐窘迫的财务状况使她不得不出售大量她那有名的父亲的信件和手稿.斯普林得拼命工作才能满足需求.但这一切都无法阻止斯普林死于穷困,而将辨别真品和膺品的艰难任务留给了眼光犀利的专家.