关于初中英语的语法比如 :ing语法的like doing sth ,have fun doing sth ,go do

关于初中英语的语法
比如 :ing语法的
like doing sth ,have fun doing sth ,go doing sth ,
enjoy doing sth.
to do语法的
want to do sth ,wouid like to do sth.
动词原形的
let sb do sth ,help sb do sth .
像这些的还有什么呢
那还有别的什么呢

动词不定式:“不定式符号to+动词原形”
一、用作主语
( ) 1. Is ______ easy to finish the design before National Day?
A. this B. that C. it D. he
( ) 2. It ______ forty-five minutes ______ there by bus.
A. cost; to get B. takes; getting C. takes; to get D. takes; to get to
动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种：
(1)把不定式置于句首.如：
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中.
① It＋be＋名词＋to do
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
② It takes sb+some time+to do
How long did it take you to finish the work?
③ It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do
It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour.
④ It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do
It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays.
注意：
不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of,主要决定于前面形容词的性质.一般说来,of前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等,既说明人的特性,又说明不定式动作的特性.for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等,一般说明不定式动作的特性,不说明人的特性.前面如果是名词用for.
二、用作表语
( )The first thing is the teacher.
A.greet B.greeting C.to greet D.to greeting
( ) This house is in .
A.living B.to live C.live D.to living
动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征.如：
The best way to improve your English is to join an English club.
三、用作宾语
1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：
要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree),
期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn),
宁可计划知道(prefer, plan, know),
希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love).如：
1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.
2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.
3)Id love to visit Mexico.
2. 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,如：...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do.如：
( )I find it difficult everything.
A.to remember B.remember C.remembering
We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well.
He feels it his duty to help the poor.
四、用作定语
( )1.I’m hungry. Get me something ____.
A eat B to eat C eating D for eating
( ) 2. –Have you got everything ready for the trip?
--Yes. There’s nothing ______.
A. to worry about B. need to worry about C. to worry at all D. worrying about
( ) 3. He is a nice person ______.
A. to work with B. working with C. worked with D. to be worked
1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语,不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时,用动词不定式的主动式.如：
1)I cant think of any good advice to give her. 动宾关系
2)Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch.
2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time, way等时,不定式与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系.如：
1)He needs time to do homework.
2)Is that a good place to hang out?
3)You want to know the best way to get around the city.
五、用作补语
( ) Their teacher often ______ them a funny story ______ his class lovely and interesting.
A. tells; to make B. talks; to make C. says; makes D. speaks; makes
动词不定式作补语时,在主动语态句里补宾语,在被动语态句里补主语,句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者.如果不定式是to be done,句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者.
1.在主、被动语态句里用带to的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有：
要求允许提议(ask, allow, permit, advise),
期望邀请鼓励(expect, suppose, invite, encourage),
教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want),
等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love).如：
1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house.
2)Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.
3)Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones.
2.动词不定式作补语,在主动语态句里不带to,被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词,包括
四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch,
三“让”：have, let, make,
二“听”：hear, listen to,
一“感觉”：feel,一“注意”：notice.
1)This picture makes me feel tense!
2)Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams
3.be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接带to的动词不定式作主语的补语.如：
1)He doesn’t seem to have many friends.
2)Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you.
( ) 1. We saw him ______ the building and go upstairs.
A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered
( ) 2. “Don’t always make Michacl ______ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear.” Mr Bush said to his wife.
A. do B. to do C. does D. did
( )3. The young lady watched her daughter ______ a yo-yo yesterday afternoon.
A. to play with B. playing with C. to play D. plays
( )4. Though he had often made his little sister ____, today he was made ___ by his little sister ____.
A cry; to cry B crying; crying C cry; cry D to cry; cry
六、用作状语
( ) 1. The ice is thick enough ______.
A. to walk on B. for walking C. to walk D. to walk on it
( ) 2. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ______.
A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on
⒈作目的状语
★ I stayed there to see what would happen.
2) Bob took down my telephone number in order not to forget it.
3)I stayed there so that (in order that)I could see whatwould happen.
4).I hurried to Professor Wang's house only to find he was out.
我匆忙的感到王教授的家可是却发现他外出了.
2.原因状语,多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”结构句中.如：
1) We are glad to hear the news.
2)I was surprised to see that a three-year-old baby could write so well
3.结果状语,多见于“too...to”,“enough to...”"so...that..."结构句中.如：

七、带疑问词的不定式短语
( ) 1. There is no difference between in the two words. I really don’t know ______.
A. what to choose B. which to choose C. to choose which D. to choose what
( ) 2. Excuse me. Would you please tell me ______ buy a digital camera?
A. what to B. where to C. what I can D. where can I
动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等.这种结构起名词的作用,在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等,或者单独使用.要注意的是,why后面的不定式不带to.如：
1.用作句子的成分.
1)I don’t know what to try next. (作宾语)
2)Where to go is not decided yet.(作主语)
2.单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句
1)What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?)
2)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?)
( ) 1. The teacher told the students ______ in class.
A. not talk B. don’t talk C. didn’t talk D. not to talk
( ) 2. “Mr Zhang, you’d better ______ too much meat. You are already over weight,” said the doctor.
A. not to eat B. to eat C. not eat D. eat
八、动词不定式的否定式
不定式的否定式是not / never to do...,不带to的不定式的否定式是not / never do...如：
1.Sometimes they have disagreements, and decide not to talk to each other. 2.His parents tell him never to drive after drinking.
堂上练一练：
( )1. My mother often asks me ______ early.
A. get up B. got up C. getting up D. to get up
( ) 2. We are told ______ everywhere. It’s our duty to keep our school clean and tidy.
A. not to make much noise B. to throw waste paper
C. to draw D. not to spit
( ) 3. The boy was too busy ______ his father last term.
A. to hear from B. to write to C. hearing from D. write to
( ) 4. Look! How heavy the rain is! You’d better ______.
A. don’t go now B. stay here when it stops
C. not leave until it stops D. not to leave at once
( ) 5. –Bob, would you like to come to our dinner party? -- ______.
A. Yes, I would B. Yes, I’d love to C. No, I wouldn’t D. No, I don’t go
( ) 6. Tracy can’t play the match now. please ______ instead.
A. have Lily do it B. have Lily to do it C. make Lily to do it D. let Lily to do it
( ) 7. You must be very tired. Why not ______ a rest?
A. to stop to have B. to stop having C. stop to have D. stop having
( ) 8. There is going to ______ an English party this evening in our school.
A. to be B. to have C. having D. being
( ) 9. You’d better ______ a policeman at this moment.
A. not to sent for B. won’t sent for C. don’t sent for D. not sent for
( )10. The teacher will show him ______.
A. to use B. use it C. how to use it D. uses
动名词
动名词（doing）是一个动词的 –ing 形式, 在句子中起名词的作用, 例如, walking, playing, running 等等. 动名词在句子中可以用作主语, 动词宾语, 介词宾语, 和表语等成分.
1. 动名词可以起名词的作用,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语和定语.
① 做主语：Playing football is my fabourite sport.
② 做宾语：She is intersted in dancing.
③ 做表语：My fabourite sport is dancing.
④ 做定语：He is in the reading room.
1) 动名词作介词宾语: Object of a preposition
A. 1. I’m used to sleeping with the windows open. 我习惯开着窗子睡觉.
2. We are interested in learning more about your work. 我们对你的工作很感兴趣, 想多了解点有关情况.
3. The Americans succeeded in landing on the moon. 美国人成功的登上了月球.
b. by + doing sth.
1.Pat turned off the tape recorder by pushing the stop button. 派特按下停止键, 关上了录音机.
2. We show other people that we are happy by smiling. 我们通过微笑表示高兴．
3. Wang improved his English by watching films. 通过看电影,王提高了他的英语水平．
C.go + shopping / swimming / fishing / hunting / skiing / bowling / dancing /
hiking / mountain-climbing
2) 只能接动名词的词如下:
finish, deny , enjoy, consider, miss, mind, keep, discuss, imagine,
admit, escape, understand, practise, complete, suggest, spend (time doing)
1. We finished eating at 7:30 last night.我们昨晚7:30 吃完晚饭.
2. I don’t enjoy being laughed at by other people.我不喜欢被其他人嘲笑.
3. It kept raining for three days.雨持续下了三天.
4. We appreciate having had the opportunity to meet the king. 我们非常感激能得到面见国王的机会.
与动名词连用的短语Special expressions with –ing form: （需要背诵）
1. have fun doing sth. 2. have a good time doing sth.
3.have trouble (in) doing sth. 4. have difficulty (in) doing sth
5. be busy doing 6. feel like doing
7. be used to doing 8. look forward to doing

9. what about doing…/ how about doing … 10. pay attention to doing
有些动词后即可接不定式,又可接动名词,但意义不一样：
部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用.
1. remember, forget, regret + to do 动作未发生
+ doing动作已发生
I remembered posting the letter today. 我记得今天把信寄走了.
Please remember to post the letter today. 请别忘了今天把信寄走.
2. mean to do 打算做某事
mean doing 意味着……
I meant to catch up with the early bus.
This means wasting a lot of money.
3. try to do 设法尽力做某事
try doing 试着做某事
You should try to overcome your shortcomings.
Try working out the physics problem in another way.
4. stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）
stop doing 停止做某事
On the way to the airport,I stopped to buy a paper.
You'd better stop arguing and do as you are told.
5. can't help doing 禁不住……
can’t help to do不能帮助干……
I couldn’t help(to) finish this matter．我不能帮助完成这件事了.
She can’t help smiling．她禁不住笑了.
6. go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事
go on doing 继续不停地做某事,指同一动作的继续
He went on to talk about world situation.他接着又谈了世界形势.
He went on reading Lesson Ten．他继续读第十课.
After reading Lesson Nine,he went on to read Lesson Ten．
读完第九课后他继续读第十课.
7. 感官动词; + do 表示动作的完整性
+doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性
4.help后接动词不定式作补语,to可带可不带.一般说来,带to表间接帮助,不带to表直接帮助.在被动语态句里,或者用不定式的否定式作补语时要带to.如：
1.They can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need.